The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.